State whether each situation has independent or paired (dependent) samples. 

a. A researcher wants to know whether pulse rates of people go down after brief meditation. She collects the pulse rates of a random sample of people before meditation and then collects their pulse rates after meditation. 

b. A researcher wants to know whether women who text send more text messages than men who text. She gathers two random samples, one from men and one from women, and asks them how many text messages they sent yesterday.