An apple a day? In an experiment to determine how calories in beverages affect appetite, researchers randomly assigned volunteers to one of four treatments:

150 calories of apple slices, 150 calories of applesauce, 150 calories of apple juice, and 150 calories of apple juice with added fiber. Fifteen minutes later, researchers provided each participant with a large bowl of pasta and measured how many calories each person consumed. The apple slice group ate 190 fewer calories, on average, compared to the other three groups.