To understand better the effects of exercise and aging on various circulatory functions, the article “Cardiac Output in Male Middle-Aged Runners” (Journal of Sports Medicine [1982]: 17–22) presented data from a study of 21 middle-aged male runners. The following data set gives values of oxygen capacity values (in milliliters per kilo-gram per minute) while the participants pedaled at a specified rate on a bicycle ergometer:

a. Compute the median and the quartiles for this data set.

b. What is the value of the interquartile range? Are there outliers in this data set?

c. Draw a modified boxplot, and comment on the interesting features of the plot.

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12.81 14.95 15.83 15.97 17.90 18.27 18.34 19.82 19.94 20.62 20.88 20.93 20.98 20.99 21.15 22.16 22.24 23.16 23.56 35.78 36.73