5.57 Type I versus Type II errors: Examine the statements from the previous exercise repeated here. For each, if this conclusion were incorrect, what type of error would the researcher have made? Explain your answer.

a. When false information is repeated several times, people seem to be more likely, on average, to develop false memories than when the information is not repeated.

b. Therapy clients with major depressive disorder who have ongoing structured assessments of therapy seem to have lower post-therapy depression levels, on average, than do clients who do not have ongoing structured assessments.

c. Employee morale does not seem to be different, on average, whether employees work in cubicles or enclosed offices.

d. A child’s native language does not seem to be different in strength, on average, whether the child is raised to be bilingual or not.