Solve the following problems.

a. A repeated-measures study with a sample of n 5 16 participants produces a mean difference of MD 5 3 with a standard deviation of s 5 4.

Use a two-tailed hypothesis test with a 5 .05 to determine whether this sample provides evidence of a significant treatment effect.

b. Now assume that the sample standard deviation is s 5 12 and repeat the hypothesis test.

c. Explain how the size of the sample standard deviation influences the likelihood of finding a significant mean difference.