Jose Medellin participated in the rape and murder of two teenage girls in Houston, Texas. He was arrested and read his Miranda rights, and he confessed. At the time, he was not informed that he could consult with Mexican diplomats. He was sentenced to death. Mexico successfully sued the United States in the International Court of Justice, claiming that the United States violated the rights of 51 Mexican citizens, including Medellin, by not providing them with assistance by Mexican diplomats, as required under the Vienna Convention. In response, President Bush ordered states to comply with the Vienna Convention and to review the convictions of defendants who had not been told of their right to receive diplomatic assistance. Medellin then challenged his conviction because he had not been told of his rights under the Vienna Convention. Must the U.S. Supreme Court treat the ICJ decision as binding precedent?