Nokia Corp. manufactures, markets, and sells phones and other electronics. Stockholders' equity for Nokia are €16,218 million in 20 17 and €20,975 million in 2016. In 2017, Nokia reported a loss of€(1,458) million on sales of €23,147 million.

REQUIRED:

a. What is Nokia's return on equity for 2017?

b. Nokia's total assets were €41,024 million at the end of 2017. Compute its debt-to-equity ratio.

c. What are total expenses for Nokia in 2017?