Sony Corporation manufactures and markets consumer electronics products. Assume the following are selected income statement data for 2021 and 2022 (amounts in billions of yen):

REQUIRED
a. Estimate the variable cost as a percentage of sales for the cost of goods sold by dividing the amount of the change in the cost of goods sold by the amount of the change in sales. Then multiply the variable-cost percentage times sales to estimate the total variable cost. Subtract the variable cost from the total cost to estimate the fixed cost for cost of goods sold. Follow this procedure to determine the cost structure (fixed cost plus variable cost as a percentage of sales) for cost of goods sold for Sony.
b. Repeat Requirement a for selling and administrative expenses.
c. Suppose that Sony discloses that it expects sales to grow at the following rates in future years: Year +1, 12%; Year +2, 10%; Year +3, 8%; Year +4, 6%. Project sales, cost of goods sold, selling and administrative expenses, and operating income before income taxes for Sony for Year +1 to Year +4 using the cost structure amounts derived in Requirements a and b.
d. Compute the ratio of operating income before income taxes to sales for Year +1 through Year +4.
e. Interpret the changes in the ratio computed in Requirement d in light of the expected changes in sales.

Transcribed Image Text:

Sales Cost of goods sold Selling and administrative expenses Operating income before income Taxes 2021 ¥6,682 (5,140) (1,729) ¥ (187) 2022 ¥7,036 (5,275) (1,811) \ (50)