Question: For the five models of Exercise 4.1, and using where appropriate the results there obtained, (a) Write each model in random shock form. (b) Write

For the five models of Exercise 4.1, and using where appropriate the results there obtained,

(a) Write each model in random shock form.

(b) Write each model as a complementary function plus a particular integral in relation to an origin ???? = ???? − 3.

(c) Write each model in inverted form.

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