Verify that any VAR(????) model ???????? = ∑????

????=1 ????????????????−???? + ???????? can be expressed equivalently in the error correction form of equation (14.8.2) as

???? ???? = ????????????−1 + ∑????−1

????=1 ????∗

???????? ????−???? + ????????, where ???? ???? = ???????? − ????????−1, ????∗

???? = − ∑????

????=????+1 ????????, and ???? = −????(1) = −(

???? − ∑????

????=1 ????????

)

.