7. Using a graph like that displayed in Exhibit 8.5, which show returns to entrepreneurship and the opportunity cost of entrepreneurship, illustrate how each of the following historical events shifted one (or both) of the curves.

a. The Lebanese Company for the Development and Reconstruction of Beirut Central District known as Solidere, is a controversial entity granted expropriation rights over the Beirut Central District area (approximately 150 hectares) in order to reconstruct it after the ravaging civil war ended in the 1990's. It's a private company that was operating under the authority of the government, which makes the expropriation of property, either compensated for with controversial undervaluation of estate or forced, private-to-private.

b. In the World Bank Group's 2020 Ease of Doing Business, Egypt moved six positions up from the 120th position of the prior year thanks to improvements in four areas:

• Starting a new business got simplified in addition to enhancing the one-stop shop system.

• Tax collection can now be done online.

• The country increased minority investors protections.

• The improved reliability of electricity supply.

c. Abu Dhabi, being the second largest economy in the Arab world and ranked 16th in the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Report 2020, is a good destination for new firms or expanding firms. The Abu Dhabi Investment Office (ADIO) encourages private sector involvement in major infrastructure projects with the objective of strengthening public-private collaborations, and it offers a Ventures Fund that backs up startups by increasing their access to capital. In addition, the ADIO gives many incentives for foreign or local investors such as low tax rates, up to 100 percent profit repatriation in Special Economic Zones, ease of obtaining capital, state of-the-art technology, and high connectivity.