Horizontal analysis is different from vertical analysis in that:

a. There is no difference between horizontal and vertical analysis.
b. Horizontal analysis calculates the percentage change in balance sheet and income statement numbers from one period to the next, while vertical analysis converts balances in a single period to percentages.
c. Horizontal analysis converts balances in a single period to percentages, while vertical analysis calculates the percentage change in balance sheet and income statement numbers from one period to the next.
d. Key ratios are compared from one period to the next.