Indicate whether the following items, a through j, are (1) typical characteristics of open-book management or (2) not typical characteristics of open-book management.

a. Considered a large size company

b. Encourages employees to make improvements

c. Has a history of empowering employees

d. Does not typically involve employee stock ownership plans

e. Involves all workers

f. Links nonfinancial measures to financial results 

g. Maintains a centralized management structure

h. Results in disclosure of detailed financial information to employees

i. Typically does not require additional training of employees

j. Uses games to teach employees about financial reporting.