Figure 22.6 shows the log corresponding to a particular schedule at the point of a system crash for four transactions T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄. Suppose that we use the immediate update protocol with checkpointing. Describe the recovery process from the system crash. Specify which transactions are rolled back, which operations in the log are redone and which (if any) are undone, and whether any cascading rollback takes place.

Figure 22.6

Transcribed Image Text:

[start_transaction, T;] [read_item, T,, A] [read_item, T,, D] [write_item, T,, D, 20, 25] [commit, T,] [checkpoint] [start_transaction, T3] [read_item, T2, B] [write_item, T2, B, 12, 18] [start_transaction, Ta] [read_item, T4, D] [write_item, T4, D, 25, 15] [start_transaction, T3] [write_item, T3, C, 30, 40] [read_item, T4, Al] [write_item, T4, A, 30, 20] [commit, T4) [read_item, T2, D] [write_item, T2, D, 15, 25] System crash