If the HCl molecule were 100% ionic, the molecule would consist of a positive charge e and a negative charge –e separated by a distance d equal to the bond length. The experimental value of the bond length is 127 pm. Calculate the dipole moment for such a completely ionic molecule. The actual dipole moment, μ, of HCl is 1.08 D. Linus Pauling, Nobel laureate, used the ratio of the actual dipole moment to that of the 100% ionic molecule as an estimate of the fraction of ionic character in the HCl molecule. What is the fraction of ionic character in this molecule according to this estimate?