A recent study by Prof. Jessica Reyes at Amherst College finds that female gynecologists (doctors who specialize in women’s reproductive health) charge a standard fee for a basic patient visit that is $4.81 (on average) higher than male gynecologists charge.

Furthermore, she finds that waiting lists to see female gynecologists are 1.14 weeks longer than waiting lists to see male gynecologists.

a. Give two possible explanations for Prof. Reyes’ findings. One explanation should focus on the demand side of the market for gynecologists; the other should focus on the supply side.

b. Are the longer waiting times and higher fees for female gynecologists evidence that the market for gynecological services is not competitive? Give two answers to this question – one assuming that your demand-side explanation from Exercise 14(a) is correct, and one assuming that your supply-side explanation is correct.

c. Has Prof. Reyes uncovered evidence that there is discrimination in the residency training market for gynecologists? If so, is this discrimination against male gynecologists or female gynecologists? Again give two answers to this question – one assuming that your demand-side explanation from Exercise 14 (a) is correct, and one assuming that your supply-side explanation is correct.