Using the present value tables, solve the following problems.

Required:
1. What is the present value on January 1, 2019, of $30,000 due on January 1, 2024, and discounted at 12% compounded annually?
2. What is the present value on July 1, 2019, of $8,000 due January 1, 2024, and discounted at 16% compounded quarterly?
3. What is the amount of the present value discount (the difference between future value and present value) on $8,000 due at the end of 5 years at 10% compounded annually?