In an orientation session for new managers, the following comments were made. Which view is inconsistent with the contingency approach to management?

a. Management can be a very complex process.

b. Management practices can be affected by the technology used to create the final product.

c. Situational variables can explain apparent contradictions in successful managerial responses.

d. Management can be governed by a single set of prescriptive principles which are universally applicable.

e. Environmental differences can force modifications of management practices.