1. Should labor practices in another country be a relevant consideration in international trade? Why or why not?

2. Governments can establish trade boycotts and certification requirements. These approaches carry compliance costs to the business and slow down or constrain the movement of supplies. They could also increase the cost of the raw materials.

3. How would international trade theorists view the fair-trade movement?

Most of the world’s chocolate comes from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, both of which have plantations that employ children who are not free to leave, may not attend school, and are not protected during dangerous labor such as the application of pesticides. The Côte d’Ivoire also is described as having active child slavery, as a result of human trafficking. Because chocolate beans are combined before roasting and these two countries are responsible for 75% of the world’s chocolate, most commercial products use cocoa/chocolate from them.