Examine the transition between the laminar and turbulent flows of water by sketching the stream of water that exits from a faucet (without an aerator) or hose (without a nozzle). You can control the velocity of the stream by adjusting the water valve.

(a) Make sketches of the flow for four different fluid speeds: two below and two above the laminar-turbulent transition point.

(b) Estimate the velocity of the water by determining the time Δt required to fill a container of known volume, such as a beverage container. By measuring the diameter of the stream with a ruler, calculate the average speed of the water from Equations (6.9) and (6.10).

(c) For each speed, calculate the Reynolds number.

(d) Indicate the value of Reynolds number where turbulence begins.

Equations 6.9

Equations 6.10

q = Av_avg

Transcribed Image Text:

AV At