a. Express the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses, in symbols and in words, for testing whether New Zealand students have a tendency to associate the name Tim with the face on the left.

b. Conduct a simulation analysis to test these hypotheses with data from Mr. Judkins’s students. Summarize your conclusion.

c. Is it appropriate to use a theory-based approach with these data? Justify your answer. 

d. Implement a theory-based approach to test the hypotheses in part (a). Report the values of the test statistic and p-value. Summarize your conclusion.