Reconsider the data from the previous exercise about investigating whether there is a relationship between undergoing surgery and whether a man dies due to prostate cancer related reasons.
a. Organize the counts in a well-labeled 2 × 2 table.
b. Use an appropriate randomization-based applet to find a p-value. Report and interpret the p-value in the context of the study.
c. Based on this p-value, how much evidence do you have against the null hypothesis?
d. Calculate an appropriate standardized statistic and interpret the standardized statistic in the context of the study.
e. Do the p-value and standardized statistic both lead you to the same conclusion?
f. Use the 2SD method to find a 95% confidence interval for the parameter of interest. Report this interval and interpret the interval in the context of the study.
g. Is your conclusion from using either the p-value or the standardized statistic consistent with your finding from the 95% confidence interval? How are you deciding?
h. State a complete conclusion about this study, including significance, estimation (confidence interval), causation, and generalization. Be sure to explain how you are arriving at your conclusion.