Refer to the previous exercise. Professor Lock’s students also spun pennies on their side. The students found 9,197 heads in 20,422 spins. Answer parts (a) to (g) of the previous question with regard to penny spinning rather than flipping.

Data from previous exercise

Over several years, students of Professor Robin Lock have flipped a large number of coins and recorded whether the flip landed heads or tails. As reported in a 2002 issue of Chance News, these students had observed 14,709 heads in a total of 29,015 flips.
a. What proportion of these flips resulted in heads?
b. Calculate the standardized value of this statistic for testing whether the long-run proportion of heads differs from 0.50.
c. Determine the theory-based p-value for testing whether the long-run proportion of heads differs from 0.50.
d. What conclusion would you draw at the 0.05 significance level?
e. Determine a 95% confidence interval for the long-run proportion of heads.
f. Does the confidence interval include the value 0.50? Is this consistent with your test decision in part (e)? Explain.
g. Based on the p-value and confidence interval, would you say that the difference between the sample proportion of heads and the value 0.50 is statistically significant? Would you say that the difference is practically important? Explain.