Perform a cost-effectiveness analysis on a typical large tanker used for transporting petroleum. Determine, as a percentage of the petroleum cargo, the amount of petroleum that is consumed in traveling a distance of 2000 miles. Use data from Example 9.4, and the following: Assume the petroleum cargo constitutes \(75 \%\) of the total weight, the propeller efficiency is \(70 \%\), the wave drag and power to run auxiliary equipment constitute losses equivalent to an additional \(20 \%\), the engines have a thermal efficiency of \(40 \%\), and the petroleum energy is \(20,000 \mathrm{Btu} / \mathrm{lbm}\). Also compare the performance of this tanker to that of the Alaskan Pipeline, which requires about 120 Btu of energy for each ton-mile of petroleum delivery.

Data From Example 9.4

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Example 9.4 SKIN FRICTION DRAG ON A SUPERTANKER A supertanker is 360 m long and has a beam width of 70 m and a draft of 25 m. Estimate the force and power required to overcome skin friction drag at a cruising speed of 13 kt in seawater at 10C.