Sysko Electricals began operation on January 1, 2017, to produce and sell a single product. Reported operating income figures under both absorption and variable costing for the first four years of operation are as follows:

Standard production costs per unit, sales prices, application (absorption) rates, and expected volume levels were the same in each year. There were no flexible-budget variances for any type of cost. All nonmanufacturing expenses were fixed, and there were no nonmanufacturing cost variances in any year.

1. In what year(s) did “units produced” equal “unit sold”? 

2. In what year(s) did “units produced” exceed “unit sold”? 

3. What is the yen amount of the December 31, 2020, finished-goods inventory? 

4. What is the difference between “units produced” and “unit sold” in 2020 if you know that the absorption-costing fixed-manufacturing overhead application rate is ¥412 per unit?

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Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 Absorption Costing ¥772,500 669,500 618,000 412,000 Variable Costing ¥721,000 669,500 463,500 618,000