Refrigerators are essentially reverse ovens – they cool things by maintaining the walls at low temperatures. Imagine you put a turkey with a temperature of 80°C into a refrigerator with walls of 3°C.

(a) How fast is the turkey losing energy? The answer should be in watts. Assume the turkey has a surface area of 0.1m².

(b) Make a (very rough) estimate of how long it will take for the turkey to cool down to the temperature of the refrigerator. To do this, you’ll need to know the heat capacity of the turkey, i.e., how many joules need to be removed to cool it by 1K: 30 kJ/K. Do you think this is a good estimate?