In the study described in exercise 10.55, researchers (Du Toits et al., 2015) also studied infants with eczema, egg allergies, or both who also had a preexisting sensitivity to peanut extract. These infants were also randomly assigned to either consume or avoid peanuts until 60 months of age. The numbers in each group developing a peanut allergy by 60 months of age are shown in the following table.

a. Compare the percentages in each group that developed a peanut allergy by age 60 months.

b. Test the hypothesis that treatment group and peanut allergy are associated using the chi-square statistic. Use a significance level of 0.05.

c. Do a Fisher’s Exact Test for the data with the same significance level. Report the two tailed p-value and your conclusion. (Use technology to run the test.)

d. Compare the p-values for parts b and c. Which is more accurate? Explain.

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Treatment Group Peanut allergy at age 60 mos. Consume peanuts Avoid peanuts Yes 5 18 No 43 33