See “Martin Manufacturing.” Mr. Martin, the president of Martin Manufacturing, was talking with Arnold, a new traveling salesman, about Arnold’s first week on the road. Arnold told Martin he hit one of Martin’s customers in the customer’s store, causing the customer some physical harm. The blow came after Arnold and the customer got into an argument, during which the customer ordered Arnold out of his store. 

In striking the customer, Arnold was motivated, at least in part, by a feeling that no Martin employee should have to endure such disrespect. Shortly after this, Martin also learned from Arnold that Arnold had gotten into an accident while driving the company van. The accident came after Arnold negligently ran a stop sign while thinking about the fight. The driver of the other car was seriously injured in the accident. On the assumption that Arnold is an employee, is Martin liable to the customer for any battery Arnold committed? Is Martin liable to the victim in the accident?