Use the indices for the crash barriers with the charts for strength and density (Fig. 3.4) and strength and embodied energy (Fig. 14.8) to select materials for each of the barriers. Position your selection line to include one metal for each. Reject ceramics and glass on the grounds of brittleness. List what you find for each barrier.

Data From Figure 3.4

Data From Figure 14.8

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10,000 1000 10 0.1 Strength, of (MPa) 10 100 Strength density Metals and polymers: yield strength, dy Ceramics, glasses: modulus of rupture. MOR Elastomers: tensile tear strength, or Composites: tensile failure, Foams Rigid polymer foams Composites Ceramics Diamond Si3N4 SIC Al alloys Al2O3 Ti alloys Steels Metals Ni alloys CFRP Tungsten alloys Polymers and Mg alloys. elastomers PC PMMA Woods, II- Natural materials Cork GFRP PEEK PP- PE Woods, I Zinc alloys Lead alloys Concrete Butyl rubber Silicone elastomers 02/3, Flexible polymer foams 0.01 10 100 1000 10,000 Density, p (kg/m) Tungsten carbide -Copper alloys Guidelines for minimum mass design MFA. 15