How can “hyperconsuming” nations export the ideas in this chapter to stave off the adoption of this type of consumption ethos in developing nations? 1. In 2009, Starbucks Coffee Company doubled the amount of the coffee it bought from fair trade sources and became the world’s largest buyer of certifi ed fair trade coffee (cf. http://www.starbucks.com/responsibility/learn-more/goals-and-progress/coffeepurchasing ). Go to the Starbucks website and identify the sources of legitimation that the company uses. 2. Labels make it possible to evaluate the transparency of a given sustainable approach.

(a) List the labels you know from the sustainable development sector.

(b) Identify and compare the undertakings guaranteed by these labels and the structures responsible for enforcing those engagements.

(c) List the most and least transparent among these engagements. Give reasons for your choice. 3. The market for organic products also contributes to sustainable development. Describe the institutionalization of organic products in your country. Who are the major actors? Which labels are used? 4. The most hardline fair trade activists refuse to integrate fair trade into the mainstream, indicating the lack of “fairness” in mass retail distribution. Find arguments for and against integrating it into mass retail distribution. 5. Read the 4Ps of fair trade. How are they different from the traditional 4Ps?