In the 1990’s, General Electric’s CEO, Jack Welch, sent a memo to his senior managers telling them that to be promoted, they would have to require every employee to have started Six Sigma training. Furthermore, 40 percent of the managers’ bonuses were to be tied to the successful introduction of Six Sigma. Do you believe that this directive was a motivational action, or did it violate W. Edwards Deming’s maxim that managers and leaders must “cast out fear”? Why or why not?