The article “Mutational Landscape Determines Sensitivity to PD-1 Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer” (Science, 3 April 2015) described a study of 16 cancer patients taking the drug Keytruda. For each patient, the number of nonsynonymous mutations per tumor was determined; higher numbers indicate better drug effectiveness. The data is separated into patients that showed a durable clinical benefit (partial or stable response lasting > 6 months) and those with no durable benefit. Use the methods of this section to determine whether patients experiencing durable clinical benefit tend to have a higher average number of nonsynonymous mutations than those with no durable benefit (use α = .05).

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Durable benefit No durable 11 28 46 115 148 161 180 300 625 benefit 170 228 300 302 315 490 774