Sorlini Pasta sells pasta throughout Italy. Which of the following is the strongest evidence that Sorlini Pasta is suffering from the bullwhip effect? 

a. They hold a considerable amount of inventory, enough to satisfy their average demand for the next four weeks. 

b. Just before a snowstorm in the northern part of the country, sales of pasta increased considerably. 

c. Sorlini sells both fresh and dry pasta products through different types of retailers. 

d. Most retailers only carry a subset of all of the pastas Sorlini offers. 

e. The volatility of the orders Sorlini receives from its distributors is greater than the volatility of pasta demand at retailers. 

f. Pasta consumption per capita in southern Italy is higher than in northern Italy