Questions 13-15 refer to the following passage.

According to the passage, the ancient philosophy of the Nahua people is different from European-based philosophy in that

a. At the center of Nahua philosophy was a detached and unmoving deity, whereas Christianity is based on the notion of a dynamic, ever-flowing supernatural force

b. Nahua philosophy consisted of several interlocking concepts, whereas Western philosophy is composed only of dichotomies

c. Nahua philosophy was based on the notion that a vivifying and mutable force saturated all matter, whereas in Western religion there is little or no division between supernatural powers and the natural world

d. Rather than promoting mutually exclusive but dependent binaries, Nahua philosophy fostered an integrated and holistic worldview

e. Within Nahuas society there was not a strong sense of individualism, whereas in Western societies, worldviews based on dichotomies engender excessive concern for self

Transcribed Image Text:

According to scholars, the indigenous peoples of ancient Mesoamerica, specifically the (5) Nahuas, developed a rich and complex philoso- Line phy comprising four interrelated and overlapping branches of knowledge: metaphysics, episte- mology, theory of value, and aesthetics. At the core of their philosophy was teotl, which, rather than an immutable supernatural being like the Judaeo-Christian deity, was an ever-moving and (10) ever-changing, self-producing sacred power that animated the universe and its contents. It was responsible for all things in nature- animals, rocks, rain, and so on and permeated the details of everything. There was no distinc- (15) tion between teotl and the natural world; teotl was in every entity, and every entity was also teotl. Unlike Western philosophy, which fosters dichotomies such as the personal versus the impersonal, that of the Nahuas posited a sacred (20) power that was united with everything; it was both intrinsic and transcendent.