Match the following terms with the appropriate definition or example:

1 aggregate data a process of analyzing data to make certain the data has the properties of high quality data:

accuracy, completeness, consistency, timeliness, and validity.

2 cryptic data values b data values that are correctly formatted but not listed in the correct field.

3 data cleaning c all types of errors that come from inputting data incorrectly.

4 data concatenation d examining data using human vision to see if there are problems.

5 data consistency e the process of tracing extracted or transformed values back to their original source.

6 data contradiction errors f data items that have no meaning without understanding a coding scheme.

7 data de-duplication g the process of changing data into a common format so that is useful for decision-making.

8 data entry errors h a technique that rotates data from a state of rows to a state of columns.

9 data filtering i errors that occur when a secondary attribute in a row of data does not match the primary attribute.

10 data imputation j a data field that contains only two responses, typically a 0 or 1. Also called a dichotomous variable.

11 data parsing k the principle that every value in a field should be stored in the same way.

12 data pivoting l the process of changing the organization and relationships among data fields to prepare the data for analysis.

13 data standardization m data errors that occur when a data value falls outside an allowable level.

14 data structuring n a data field that contains only two responses, typically a 0 or 1. Also called a dummy variable.

15 data threshold violations o the process of updating data to be consistent, accurate and complete.

16 data validation p data that is inconsistent, inaccurate, or incomplete.

17 dichotomous variable q separating data combined in a single field into multiple fields.

18 dirty data r the combining of data from two or more fields into a single field.

19 dummy variable s the process of replacing a null or missing value with a substituted value.

20 misfielded data values t the process of removing records or fields of information from a data source.
21 violated attribute dependencies u the process of analyzing data and removing two or more records that contain identical information.
22 visual inspection v the presentation of data in a summarized form.
W an error that exists when the same entity is described in two conflicting ways.
X the process of ordering data to reveal unexpected values.