Let (left(M_{n}, mathscr{F}_{n}ight)_{n geqslant 0}) and (left(N_{n}, mathscr{F}_{n}ight)_{n geqslant 0}) be (L^{2}) martingales; then (left(M_{n} N_{n}-langle M,

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Let \(\left(M_{n}, \mathscr{F}_{n}ight)_{n \geqslant 0}\) and \(\left(N_{n}, \mathscr{F}_{n}ight)_{n \geqslant 0}\) be \(L^{2}\) martingales; then \(\left(M_{n} N_{n}-\langle M, Nangle_{n}, \mathscr{F}_{n}ight)_{n \geqslant 0}\) is a martingale.

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