Question: Two proofreaders, Ruby and Myra, read a book independently and found r and m misprints, respectively. Suppose that the probability that a misprint is noticed

Two proofreaders, Ruby and Myra, read a book independently and found r and m misprints, respectively. Suppose that the probability that a misprint is noticed by Ruby is p and the probability that it is noticed by Myra is q, where these two probabilities are independent. If the number of misprints noticed by both Ruby and Myra is

b, estimate the number of unnoticed misprints.

This problem was posed and solved by George P´olya (1888–

1985) in the January 1976 issue of the American Mathematical Monthly.

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