For the data in Table 10.6, use pbadepth to compare the groups using default values for the arguments. You will get the message:

Error in solve.default(cov, ...) :

system is computationally singular:

reciprocal condition number = 2.15333e-18 The difficulty is that the depth of the null vector is being measured by Mahalanobis distance, which requires computing the inverse of a matrix, and instances are encountered where this cannot be done when using all pairwise differences.