Using CIs for statistical inference. In an article contrasting hypothesis testing with the use of confidence intervals, Hoekstra, Johnson, and Kiers (2012) explained, “When a CI is used only to determine whether the null value lies within the interval, the statistical inference is no different than determining whether the outcome of a t test is significant or not” (p. 1041). Explain what statistical inference can be made when the value of the null hypothesis “lies within the interval.”