Competing with private- sector salaries is a common problem for some academic depart-ments in universities, particularly in engineering, accounting, other business fields, and biological science. If universities do not match the salaries, they may be unable to hire professors, or at least the better candidates, and if they do match the salaries, then the cost of operating those programs (and eventually tuition) will increase. How might universities change the production of engineering or business education to avoid this problem – that is, how could professors be substituted for or made more productive? Do you think those changes would affect the “quality” or nature of education in these fields? Does this problem apply to private as well as public universities?