The FIFA World Cup was one of the biggest sporting events of 2018. The file WC2018Players contains data of the players of the 32 teams that qualified for the event. A dummy variable is included to indicate whether a player is also a captain.

a. Is there evidence of a difference in the variability of the age of captains and non-captains?

b. Determine the \(p\)-value in (a) and interpret its meaning.

c. What assumption about the population distributions of the two types of players is necessary in (a) to justify your use of the \(F\) test? Is the assumption valid for these data?

d. Based on the results of (a) and (b), which \(t\) test defined in Section 10.1 should you use to compare the mean age of captains and non-captains?