Question:
Calculate the activity coefficient of Al3+ when µ = 0.083 M by linear interpolation in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1
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Ion size Ionic strength (p. M) Ion (a, pm) 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.1 Charge = +1 H* Activity coefficient (y) 900 0.967 0.933 0.914 0.86 0.83 (CHs)2CHCO,,(C;H;),N* (O,N),C,H,0, (C,H;),NH", CH;OC,H,CO, Li*, C,H;CO,, HOCGH,CO,, CIC,H,CO,, CH;CH;CO,, CH,=CHCH,CO,, (CH;),CHCH,Co,, (CH;CH,),N*, (C,H,),NH; CI,CHCO,, Cl;CCo, , (CH;CH,),NH", (C,H;)NH, Na*, CdCI*, CIO,, 105, HCO,, H,PO,, HSO,, H,AsO,, Co(NH3 )4(NO,), CH;CO,, CICH,CO,, (CH3),N*, (CH;CH2),NH, H2NCH,CO, *H,NCH,CO,H, (CH;);NH, CH,CH,NH; OH,F, SCN, OCN, HS , CIO, , CIO,, BrOz, IO,, MnO4, HCO,, H,citrate , CH;NH, (CH3),NH; K*, CI, Br,1, CN , NO,, NO, Rb*, Cs*, NH, TI*, Ag* 800 0.966 0.931 0.912 0.85 0.82 700 0.965 0.930 0.909 0.845 0.81 600 0.965 0.929 0.907 0.835 0.80 500 0.964 0.928 0.904 0.83 0.79 450 0.964 0.928 0.902 0.82 0.775 400 0.964 0.927 0.901 0.815 0.77 350 0.964 0.926 0.900 0.81 0.76 300 0.964 0.925 0.899 0.805 0.755 250 0.964 0.924 0.898 0.80 0.75 Charge = ±2 Mg**, Be?+ CH2(CH;CH,CO 2. (CH;CH,CH,CO, )2 Ca+. Cu*, Zn*, Sn*, Mn*, Fe2+, Ni²*, Co*, CHa(CO, )2. Activity coefficient (y) 800 0.872 0.755 0.69 0.52 0.45 700 0.872 0.755 0.685 0.50 0.425 0.870 H,C(CH,CO, 2. (CH,CH,CO, ), Sr*, Ba*, Cd²+, Hg²*, s²¯, S20. wo , H,C(CO, )2, (CH2CO, )2, (СНОНСО, ) Pb2*, Co , so Moo , Co(NH,),CP*, Fe(CN);NO?, C,0, Hcitrate Hgž*, So; , S,0 , S,0; , S,0 , Seo Cro, HPO 600 0.749 0.675 0.485 0.405 500 0.868 0.744 0.67 0.465 0.38 450 0.867 0.742 0.665 0.455 0.37 +1 400 0.867 0.740 0.660 0.445 0.355 Charge = ±3 A13+, Fe+, Cr+, Sc*, Y3+, In+, lanthanides" citrate PO Fe(CN) , Cr(NH, Co(NH,) , Co(NH, )H,O** Charge = ±4 Th*, Zr**, Ce**, Sn* Fe(CN) Activity coefficient (y) 900 0.738 0.54 0.445 0.245 0.18 500 0.728 0.51 0.405 0.18 0.115 400 0.725 0.505 0.395 0.16 0.095 Activity coefficient (y) 4+ 4+ 4+ 4+ 1 100 0.588 0.35 0.255 0.10 0.065 500 0.57 0.31 0.20 0.048 0.021 a. Lanthanides are elements 57-71 in the periodic table. SOURCE: J. Kielland, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 1675.
