Multiple choice questions:

1. Beccaria believed that:

A. the punishment should fit the crime

B. punishment should be swift and certain

C. it was better to prevent crimes than to punish them

D. all of these

2. ______________ believed in the importance of the formation of a civil government and a social contract if human behavior is to be adequately controlled.

A. Locke

B. Hobbes

C. Descartes

D. Beccaria

3. The ________________system of justice believed that people were innocent until proven guilty.

A. adversarial

B. inquisitorial

C. administration

D. informational

4. ____________ examines the relationship between specific characteristics of individuals, such as impulsivity, and criminal behaviors.

A. Social disorganization theory

B. Subculture theory

C. Personality traits theory

D. Deterrence theory