Write a paper on the following topic:

• Often referred as the "necessary and proper" clause, Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution states that Congress has the power "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for the carrying into execution the foregoing powers."

• What does this mean? And what are the consequences of the ruling in 1790 by Chief Justice Marshall that still affects us to this day. (In other words, give me one example of some law today that either Congress or the President has used, justifying its necessity because of this clause.)