$$Currently$,$ Warren Industries can sell $15$ dash year$,$$$1$ comma $000-$par$-$value bonds paying annual interest at a $12\%$ coupon rate. Because current market rates for similar bonds are just under $12\%,$ Warren can sell its bonds for $$$$980$each; Warren will incur flotation costs of $$$$35$ per bond. The firm is in the $25\%$ tax bracket.

a$.$Find the net proceeds from the sale of the$$ bond, Upper N Subscript d$.$

b$.$Calculate the$$ before$-$tax and$$ after$-$tax costs of debt.