${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_e\text{n}\text{a}\text{b}\text{l}\text{e}\text{s}\text{a}\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{a}\text{g}\text{e}\text{r}to\text{m}\text{a}\text{k}\text{e}\text{d}\text{e}\text{c}\text{i}\text{s}\text{i}\text{o}\text{n}\text{s}\text{,}\text{g}\text{i}\text{v}\text{e}\text{o}\text{r}\text{d}\text{e}\text{r}\text{s}\text{,}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{u}\text{t}\text{i}\text{l}\text{i}\text{z}\text{e}\text{r}\text{e}\text{s}\text{o}\text{u}\text{r}\text{c}\text{e}\text{s}\text{.}\text{F}\text{o}\text{r}\text{e}\text{x}\text{a}\text{m}\text{p}\text{l}\text{e}\text{,}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{a}\text{g}\text{e}\text{r}of\text{a}\text{l}\text{o}\text{c}\text{a}\text{l}\text{c}\text{o}\text{f}\text{f}\text{e}\text{e}\text{s}\text{h}\text{o}\text{p}\text{h}\text{a}\text{s}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{r}\text{i}\text{g}\text{h}\text{t}to\text{h}\text{i}\text{r}\text{e}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{f}\text{i}\text{r}\text{e}\text{b}\text{a}\text{r}\text{i}\text{s}\text{t}\text{a}\text{s}\text{b}\text{a}\text{s}\text{e}\text{d}on\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{i}\text{r}\text{p}\text{u}\text{n}\text{c}\text{t}\text{u}\text{a}\text{l}\text{i}\text{t}\text{y}\text{,}\text{p}\text{e}\text{r}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{c}\text{e}\text{,}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{c}\text{u}\text{s}\text{t}\text{o}\text{m}\text{e}\text{r}-\text{s}\text{e}\text{r}\text{v}\text{i}\text{c}\text{e}\text{r}\text{a}\text{t}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{s}\text{.}}$

${?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}$ enables a manager $to$ make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources. For example, the manager $of$ a local coffee shop has the right $to$ hire and fire baristas based $on$ their punctuality, performance, and customer$-$service ratings.

Span $of$ control

Unity $of$ command

Delegation

Authority