${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}is\text{b}\text{a}\text{s}\text{e}\text{d}on\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{b}\text{e}\text{l}\text{i}\text{e}\text{f}\text{t}\text{h}\text{a}\text{t}\text{f}\text{a}\text{c}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{h}\text{a}\text{r}\text{d}\text{f}\text{a}\text{c}\text{t}\text{s}\text{a}\text{b}\text{o}\text{u}\text{t}\text{w}\text{h}\text{a}\text{t}\text{w}\text{o}\text{r}\text{k}\text{s}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{w}\text{h}\text{a}\text{t}\text{d}\text{o}\text{e}\text{s}\text{n}t\text{w}\text{i}\text{l}\text{l}\text{h}\text{e}\text{l}\text{p}\text{o}\text{r}\text{g}\text{a}\text{n}\text{i}\text{z}\text{a}\text{t}\text{i}\text{o}\text{n}\text{s}\text{p}\text{e}\text{r}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}\text{b}\text{e}\text{t}\text{t}\text{e}\text{r}\text{.}}$

${?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}is$ based $on$ the belief that facing the hard facts about what works and what doesn$t$ will help organizations perform better.

The contingency viewpoint

Evidence$-$based management

Behavioral science

Scientific management