${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{i}san\text{i}\text{n}\text{t}\text{e}\text{g}\text{r}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\text{d}\text{s}\text{o}\text{f}\text{t}\text{w}\text{a}\text{r}\text{e}\text{p}\text{a}\text{c}\text{k}\text{a}\text{g}\text{e}\text{t}\text{h}\text{a}\text{t}\text{c}\text{o}\text{n}\text{s}\text{o}\text{l}\text{i}\text{d}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\text{s}\text{d}\text{a}\text{t}\text{a}\text{f}\text{r}\text{o}\text{m}\text{a}\text{m}\text{o}\text{n}\text{g}\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{f}\text{i}\text{r}\text{m}s\text{u}\text{n}\text{i}\text{t}\text{s}\text{.}}$

Radio$-$frequency identification $(RFID)$

Logistical cost control

Supply chain technology

$An$ enterprise resource planning $(ERP)$ system