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Describe the various aspects and complexities involved in the design and construction of a large$-$scale urban bridge, focusing on the civil engineering principles that ensure its structural integrity, functionality, and safety. Discuss how factors such as load distribution, material selection, environmental impact, and compliance with local and international engineering standards influence the planning and execution of the project. Additionally, explore the role of advanced technologies, such as computer$-$aided design $($CAD$)$ and building information modeling $($BIM$),$ in optimizing the design process and addressing potential challenges. Consider the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration, including the coordination between civil engineers, architects, and urban planners, to ensure the bridge not only meets technical specifications but also integrates seamlessly into the surrounding infrastructure and urban landscape. Finally, examine the long$-$term maintenance and inspection strategies that are essential to prolong the bridge's lifespan and ensure its continued safety and functionality for future generations.