$==============================================$What theoretical frameworks serve as the foundation for civil engineering practices? Explore the fundamental principles, such as structural mechanics, materials science, fluid dynamics, and geotechnical engineering, that underpin the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure. How do these theories inform decision$-$making processes in civil engineering projects, ensuring safety, efficiency, and sustainability? Consider the integration of advanced computational methods, including finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics, in optimizing designs and predicting structural behavior. Moreover, delve into the interdisciplinary nature of civil engineering, incorporating concepts from physics, mathematics, and environmental science to address contemporary challenges in urbanization, climate change adaptation, and infrastructure resilience.